《瞭望》抨击国内石油巨头极端利己主义
[本报讯]最新一期的《瞭望》周刊发表题为《垄断企业不能‘双重人格’》的文章。
文章认为，在国际油价高企，国内“油荒”尚未根本缓解的背景下，国家发改委等部门一纸“暂停汽油出口退税、原则上不再新批原油加工贸易合同”的通知，旨在勒住成品油出口激增之缰。
文章中提到，基于中国的能源和发展现实，呼吁国家限制成品油出口的声音早就不绝于耳。就在学界预测今年我国GDP可能因油价高涨下降0.7—0.8个百分点之时，对于全局十分宝贵的石油却出口激增:今年前7个月出口增长45.5％，而同期进口则呈颓势，下降20％。
垄断成品油经营的企业认为这是“纯粹的商业行为”：国际油价比国内高，油往“高处流”无可厚非，否则“高进低出”会让炼化企业吃不消。
而事实上，为了调节石油上下游间利益分配，重组后的两大石油垄断集团都是兼具上下游企业，以应对石油风险，形成堤内损失堤外补的格局。上半年中石油的利润表也证明了这一点：中石油上半年净赚616.24亿元，同比增长36.1％，所创造的利润相当于中国所有国有及国有控股企业上半年净利润的1/5。
更为重要的是，作为国有垄断企业，种种历史和现实原因使中石油中石化不可推卸地承担着国家能源安全责任，即平抑油价和保障石油供应。对单个企业来说，成品油出口固然比销往国内更赢利，但因之造成的全局经济损失和安全风险，则不是小小的中外成品油差价可以弥补的。
文章说，仔细审视国字头垄断企业所谓的“纯粹企业行为”，会发现其普遍存在的“双重人格”：此一时，可以用“纯粹趋利的市场行为”为自己解释；彼一时，只要在国内遇到竞争，就拿出“管理者”的身份，不顾一切维护自己的行政性垄断。频繁在“企业”和“管理者”之间切换角色，所谋求的只不过是部门利益。我国两大石油垄断企业的利己主义色彩，在这一轮高油价面前暴露得更加充分。国人对其声讨也就不足为奇了。
改变垄断企业的“双重人格”，本是石油体制改革的目标。此次发改委等部门紧急限制成品油出口，可以看成是向目标迈进了一步。而在石油这一重要战略领域，国家意志原本就高于一切。
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Finally, although the outsole has been somewhat oxidized and yellowed, it is not difficult to see the appearance of the crystal outsole.